Project Of Private Tourist Business Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Project Of Private Tourist Business. Answer: Presentation XYZ is private visitor business that is based out of Australia and pulls in more than 200,000 families on a yearly premise. The business includes significant vacation destination along a significant Australian expressway. The clients that the business serves are residential just as worldwide clients. The data framework that is at present conveyed in the organization for the execution and the board of business activities has various downsides. The framework is likewise not effective to provide food the client needs and requests. As of now, portable and remote gadgets are being utilized by pretty much every person. In any case, the present framework that is followed at the private visitor business can't be gotten to on the portable stages. The arrangement has been proposed to create and computerized framework that will settle the issues and issues with the present framework. The task will incorporate the update of the present framework by including various highlights and prerequisites. The redesigns will center upon the budgetary model, human asset prerequisites, planning errands and exercises alongside client interface necessities. There will likewise be an office the executives framework that will be remembered for the updated data framework for the business. The report covers the task plan featuring the suspicions and constraints related with the venture, venture foundation, and undertaking extension, portrayal of the task components, asset necessities, venture plan, venture costs and the suggestion based on the discoveries. Suppositions Limitations The undertaking colleagues that have been distinguished for the task have the satisfactory abilities and information to complete the venture exercises. It has been accepted as the venture is a basic one and includes a decent measure of arranging exercises alongside it. The task supports will be given by the venture support and it will incorporate the one-time cost of instruments, cost of assets and the undertaking exercises. These costs will be essential as the task tasks and exercises won't be cultivated without sufficient assets. The venture spending plan and calendar would be fixed and there won't be any progressions or improvements conceivable in these two task boundaries. The idea of business of the organization capacities around the year and any deferral in the venture conveyance will prompt business misfortunes. The venture colleagues will be given the workplace for the fruitful execution of the task exercises. There will essentially be three workplace that the undertaking assets will require as advancement condition, testing condition and creation condition. Outline of the Project Background The present data framework that is followed in the private traveler organization has a great deal numerous disadvantages. The client commitment and fulfillment is breaking down because of more slow preparing and long holding up time. There is likewise poor data the board and capacity alongside upgraded cost for printing of handouts. Clients regularly don't become more acquainted with about the most recent proposals also. The present framework doesn't bolster cell phones and the goals of specialized issues is taken care of physically. There are additionally security worries as the data on the individuals present at the vacation destination at a specific time can't be recovered. Because of the considerable number of issues expressed above, it has been proposed to redesign the present data framework to a progressed coordinated arrangement. The overhauls will center upon the money related model, human asset necessities, booking assignments and exercises alongside client interface prerequisites. There will likewise be an office the board framework that will be remembered for the overhauled data framework for the business (Peslak, 2012). Venture Scope In-Scope Items An upgraded type of data framework will be created for the business which will involve the accompanying sub-frameworks Fund Management System Human Resource Management System Calendar Management System Client Relationship Management System Office Management System The data framework will be made accessible on the web just as portable stages. The sub-frameworks will be coordinated as a solitary framework and the last discharge will be tried covering framework, reconciliation, unit, execution, relapse and security testing (Mirza, Pourzolfaghar and Shahnazari, 2013). The framework will be executed and conveyed at the business side and the end-clients will be given the preparation and framework documentation. The framework will likewise cover the venture arranging, prerequisite examination and task conclusion stages. The non-useful prerequisites will be fused in the framework involving the framework accessibility, framework unwavering quality, framework versatility, framework practicality, framework flexibility and framework execution. Out-of-Scope The accompanying arrangement of exercises won't be secured by the task colleagues during the venture life cycle: The task group won't be answerable for the defers that will be brought about by the outsiders. The venture group won't engage the change solicitations and recommendations that are not endorsed by the task support (Randolph, 2013). The exercises around dealings with the outsiders, for example, providers and merchants won't be engaged. Portrayals of the Project Outcomes to Meet the Current Problems There will be three essential sub-frameworks that will be consolidated in the undertaking in order to meet the present arrangement of issues and issues. Money Management System: The framework will incorporate the execution of the bookkeeping exercises and will likewise decide the planning errands and exercises. There are as of now issues with the expense of printing the leaflets and related undertakings. The new framework will plan a spending that will recognize and dispense with the extra expenses. This will bring about the financially savvy business exercises to be executed (O'Leary, 2009). Human Resource Management System: There are different assets that are as of now connected with the private vacationer business. There are various specialized and activity blunders that are looked by the assets alongside administrative issues. The new framework will incorporate the trainings and meetings for the HR. It will likewise structure a preparation plan and calendar for every asset. The exercises, for example, one-on-one conversation with the administration, conversation of the contentions and representative complaints will likewise be done (Gagnon, 2006). Planning Tasks: The traveler business is for the most part dependent on the recurrence of the client that visits to see the vacation spot. The framework will plan the gracefully of the assets that will be required according to the client appointments. It will store the quantity of clients that have visited the vacation destination on every hour, out of each day, of the month and every year premise. It will permit the improvement of the satisfactory wellbeing measures too. The database will at that point be moved up to a propelled form over the time. Client Relationship Management System: The clients will be permitted to get to the framework on the web just as the cell phones. The clients will be permitted to book their tickets ahead of time and will likewise have the option to see the subtleties on the vacation spot remotely. They will be furnished with the most recent subtleties and offers on the online networking stages and records. Client care and help group will likewise be accessible consistently to deal with client questions (Ayiri and Kudzanayi, 2017). Office Management System: There might be various specialized and offices gives that may come up. The framework will record the episodes at a prompt premise and the asset to determine the occurrence will be doled out following checking the accessibility. As such, the personal time included will be diminished. Asset Requirements Inward Resources Venture Manager: The asset will be liable for the general administration of the undertaking and would be required to have the administrative, correspondence, authority and specialized abilities. Task arranging, correspondence, control and conclusion will be completed by this asset (Muller and Turner, 2007). Task Developer: The engineer will compose the source code for the different sub-frameworks that are to be created and will perform unit testing (Kock, Heising and Gemunden, 2016). Venture Designer: The interface necessities and the conveyance of the framework configuration record will be finished by this asset. Execution Head: The asset will actualize the framework by dealing with all the undertaking changes and alterations. Framework Tester: The testing of the framework will be completed by this asset which will incorporate framework, reconciliation, execution and security testing. System Engineer: The incorporation of the sub-frameworks as a last unit and its organization on the systems for open use will be finished by this asset. Specialized Writer: The framework documentation required for the venture will be set up by this asset. Fund Officer: The task financial plan and the bookkeeping exercises will be completed by this asset. Outer Resources Venture Sponsor: The asset will audit the task progress at visit stretches and will furnish with the undertaking prerequisites, change endorsements and venture reserves. End-User: These assets will complete the application testing on the framework. These will be clients or the families that will visit the vacation destination and will profit the offices offered by the business. Business Analyst: The asset will investigate the business necessities and will help the Project Manager in the smooth execution of the undertaking. Booking Tasks Work Breakdown Structure There are different appraisals that are required to be completed in the undertaking to ensure that the venture accomplishes its objectives a

Hysteria and the Consequences of Mass Paranoia in The Crucible Essay

The Crucible Effectively Demonstrates the Development of Hysteria and the Consequences of Mass Paranoia. Examine this with Reference to the Play and the Time in Which it is Written. 'The Crucible' was written in 1952 by Arthur Miller and was first acted in 1953. It is about a town called Salem in America, set in the seventeenth century, where a doubt of black magic and affiliation with the Devil has emerged. This topic of allegation and distrustfulness is equivalent with the time of McCarthyism in the United States of America, where numerous individuals were blamed for socialism and against Americanism. The play was composed at about a similar time as the occasions during the 1950s and from various perspectives mirrors the townspeople's tension towards their circumstance. The people group of Salem is an unequivocally strict one and the townspeople all go to the Christian church. The priest is the most significant individual in the town, as he holds a high situation in their religion, subsequently he is relied upon to give a genuine model. The town is encircled by backwoods and the closest town is a couple of miles away. This makes a solid security in the network as every individual needs to work hard so as to persevere through the preliminaries of being a piece of a disengaged society. The writer shows the setting and period in the style of the characters' discourse - it is in the style generally seventeenth century American, when the play is set. The Caribbean slave, Tituba, additionally has her discourse altered to suit the Barbados lingo: My Betty be generous before long? is the initial line of the play. The primary demonstration begins in the place of Reverend Parris, where Parris is asking, in a confounded state, for his oblivious girl. Tituba, his slave, enters and the resulting 'discussion' uncovers that... ... has a simpler activity making the correct impact for every scene, so it is increasingly convincing for the crowd and they have a better comprehension of it. The Crucible exhibits how without any problem individuals can be controlled by conviction, and how confidence in something can viably visually impaired individuals, making them think nonsensically. The characters are conceivable and steady, and the crowd can perceive how they create all through the play. All the occasions are reasonable (if not plausible) and the language utilized is persuading as seventeenth century American. The crowd can understand the characters, especially with John Proctor, as they see at an early stage the issues he has and comprehend the predicament he faces in Act IV. I figure the play ought to be thought of not as a bit of dramatization, yet as a bit of writing representing how individuals' trust can be abused to a person's advantage.

Can We Have an Honest Conversation About Advertisements

Can We Have an Honest Conversation About Advertisements If the following screed were a peer-reviewed journal article, its abstract would be brief: advertisements suck. Well, at least most of them do. That’s not to say that all advertising is inherently evil, or even bad, because not all advertisements are created equalâ€"they run the gamut from informative to downright destructive. To understand the inherent problems with advertisements, it’s important to first point out that advertising isnt the same thing as marketing. Though these two terms are often used interchangeably, they are different in practice. Advertisements Advertisements are paid announcements via a public mediumâ€"mattress commercials, infomercials for the latest exercise fad, and seemingly harmless adverts for harmful prescription drugsâ€"and they are generally not an endorsement by the platform on which they are displayed. In Latin, advertere means to turn toward, and thats the exact aim of todays ad agencies: theyre willing to pay heaps of money to turn your eyes toward their products and services. And if the demand for a product isnt as high as the supply, no problem! Advertising can create a false demand if the budget is high enough. In recent years, worldwide spending on advertising has topped half a trillion dollars a year. Even writing the full numberâ€"500,000,000,000.00, commas and allâ€"doesnt come close to truly understanding its depth. So lets put it into perspective: If you leave your home today and begin spending one dollar every single second, it will take you more than 15,000 years to spend half a trillion dollars. In fact, if youdve spent a million dollars every single day since the fall of Rome, you still wouldn’t’ve spent half a trillion dollars by now. And were spending more than that every year on advertising. Which isnt so bad in and of itself. After all, its just money being spent on informing people about useful stuff, right? Yes, that sort of used to be true. A Brief History of Modern Advertising Before the twentieth century, advertising largely connected the producers of goods with consumers who genuinely needed those goods. But then, as Stuart Ewen describes in his book Captains of Consciousness, Advertising increased dramatically in the United States as industrialization expanded the supply of manufactured products. In order to profit from this higher rate of production, industry needed to recruit workers as consumers of factory products. It did so through the invention of [advertising] designed to influence the populations economic behavior on a larger scale. By the Roaring Twenties, thanks to Edward Bernays, whos sometimes referred to as the founder of modern advertising and public relations, advertisers in the U.S. adopted the doctrine that human instincts could be targeted and harnessed. Bernays, a nephew of Sigmund Freud, realized that appealing to the rational minds of customers, which had been the mainstream method advertisers had used to sell products, was far less effective than selling products based on the unconscious desires that he felt were the true motivators of human action. Since then, weve witnessed ten decades of advertising agencies reachingâ€"and overreachingâ€"into the depths of the human psyche. Overreach of Advertisers Fast forward to the present day. One of the most obvious examples of advertisers’ rapacious (over)reach in recent years is the drug Sildenafil, which was created as a treatment for hypertension. When clinical trials revealed the drug wasnt effective, that should have been the end of its life cycle. But then advertisers stepped in. After discovering several male test subjects experienced prolonged erections during clinical trials, the makers of Sildenafil had a solution that desperately needed a problem. So they hired an ad agency who coined the term erectile dysfunction, and Viagra was born. This campaign took a relatively flaccid problem and created a ragging $2-billion-per-year blue pill. Of course, Viagra is a rather anodyne example. There are many pharmaceuticals whose side effects are so expansive that their commercials are forced to use gratuitous green pastures, yearbook smiles, and handholding actors to conceal the terror of rectal bleeding, amnesia, and suicidal ideation. In a sane world, misleadingly selling harmful prescription drugs would be a criminal act. Actually, it is: it’s illegal in every country in the worldâ€"except the United States and New Zealandâ€"to advertise drugs to consumers. But we let the almighty dollar get in the way. In 1976, Henry Gadsden, then CEO of Merck Co., told Fortune magazine that hed rather sell drugs to healthy people because thats where the most money was. Weve been sold new cures ever since. But please dont think this is an anti-boner-pill diatribe. According to the research, Viagra seems to be a relatively benign drug. Thereby, theres little wrong with the pill itself. Its the paid advertisements that are troublesome. Many ad agencies employ writers, demographers, statisticians, analysts, and even psychologists in an effort to divorce us from the money in our checking accounts. With the help of a fine-tuned agency, even the disclaimer is part of the sales pitch: Consult your doctor if your erection lasts longer than four hours. I dont know about you, but Id rather consult my partner with my everlasting hard-on. Viagra isnt the only product pushed beyond its initial conception. Did you know Listerine was previously used as a floor cleaner, Coca-Cola was invented as an alternative to morphine, and the graham cracker was created to stop you from masturbating? Hmm. If at first your product doesnt succeed, hire an ad agency! Selling Insecurity Making men believe their erections arent firm enough isnt the first time corporations have capitalized on human insecurity. For decades, women have been sold an inferiority complex. Our glowing screens would have the average female believe her waist isnt skinny enough, her breasts arent big enough, and her eyelashes arent lush enough. Dont worry, though, whatever your ailment, consumerism has the cure. In Fight Club, Chuck Palahniuk prophesied of a dystopia in which a cunning con man could sell our own fat back to us after extracting it from our bodies. He was only half right, however. In the book, the fat is repackaged as soapâ€"a metaphor for cleansing ourselves by way of consumerismâ€"but in the real world were sold our fat in the form of autologous-fat transfer (butt injections) so we can look like our favorite reality-television stars. In a Kafkaesque bait-and-switch, advertisers sell us the food that makes us obese because we deserve a treat, and then they sell us the diet plans and exercise equipment to combat our gluttony. The sleight of hand doesnt end with male enhancers and weight-loss remedies. Advertisers go much further, capitalizing on our fear (and greed) with radically overpriced timeshare properties, precious metals, and end-times survival kits. You may notve known the world was ending, but now that you do, theres a product you can purchase to prepare. Selling Scarcity Speaking of the end of the world, why does it seem like the ads we experience are always taking place in a state of perpetual emergency? Act now! Limited time only! While supplies last! These advertiser-induced artificial limits are almost always imaginary. The truth is that if you miss out on a so-called sale, youll be just fine because corporations are always looking for a new opportunity to sell you something today. I mean, whats the alternative? Sorry, Mrs. Customer, youre screwedâ€"you waited an extra day to make your decision, so we no longer want your money! Why, then, does almost every company inject urgency into their ads? Because, as Bernays recognized a century ago, this tactic takes advantage of our primal nature: humans make quickâ€"often rashâ€"decisions in times of perceived scarcity. This made sense when our number one concern was starvation; it makes much less sense when we think well never be able to own that big-screen television, video-game console, or clutch purse unless we get in on this weekends doorbuster bonanza. Selling Nonessentials Advertisers have gotten so skilled that they can even sell us trash and tell us its good for us. Literally. Since American farmers are faced with unprecedented hoards of soybean and corn crops, and thus unprecedented waste products from those crops, advertisers have found a way not to safely dispose of that waste but to repackage it and sell it to you as hydrogenated oil, a supposed alternative to healthier oils from olives, avocados, and almonds. Inferior cooking oils are just the start of the garbage thats sold by the food industry. The amount of junk food that is peddled to us is so immense and so dangerous that there isnt room in this essay to meaningfully explore the sugar and processed foods vended by Americas largest corporations, but it can be summed up in a single stat: in 2018, you are more likely to die from obesity than of a violent crime, terrorism, war, starvation, or a car crash. Junk foods arent the only junk we buy. Unbeknown to us, advertisers have helped turn our homes into mausoleums of trash. To justify our clinging, weve invented cute nicknames for our junkâ€"trinket, knickknack, novelty, doohickey, tchotchke, collectors item, mementoâ€"as if what we call our trash increases its importance. But in the real world, the cheap plastic things we purchase at gift shops arent of importance, which might be fine if they made us happier or improved our lives, but they dont. Instead, we experience a dull high that wears off soon after the cash register dings its quiet victory, and we sit in the aftermath of consumption with an unusable artifact. Then, in time, we feel icky because were too ashamed to let go, so we purchase plastic storage containers to hideâ€"ahem, organizeâ€"our past mistakes. Each year, Americans spend $1.2 trillion on nonessential goods. In contrast, we contribute less than $200 billion to charities every year. In other words, we spend a trillion dollars more on shit we don’t need than on helping people in need. Advertising to Children Advertisers have found perhaps the easiest way to flood our homes with nonessentials: by advertising to our children. Not only do kids lack the critical thinking skills to say no to the foods that are killing us, but if they develop brand loyalty early, then Ronald McDonald has a lifetime customer. According to the American Psychology Association, commercial appeals to children became commonplace with the advent and widespread adoption of television, and they grew exponentially with the proliferation of cable television, which allowed programmers to develop entire channels of child-oriented programming and advertising. It is estimated that advertisers spend more than $12 billion each year to reach the youth, and children view more than 40,000 television commercials each yearâ€"an exponential increase from decades past. The American Academy of Pediatrics believes this targeting occurs because advertising in the U.S. alone is a $250 billion a year industry with 900,000 brands to sell, and children and adolescents are attractive consumers: teenagers spend $155 billion each year, children younger than 12 spend another $25 billion, and both groups influence another $200 billion of their parents spending every year. Perhaps the solution is to follow Sweden, Norway, and Quebec, and completely bar advertising to children under the age of 12. But more than likely its up to us as parents to develop the systems and communities that will better influence our kids viewing habits. The Upside of Advertising When done carefully, however, as rare as that might be, advertising can help fulfill an existing need. In fact, a hundred years ago, many ads did just that: they connected potential customers with a product that would improve their lives. I myself have benefited from informative advertisements. Living in Los Angeles, Im exposed to more billboards than most of the worlds population. Even though theyre a horrendous eyesore, I can honestly say that Im more informed about the available mediaâ€"movies, music, television seriesâ€"than if these advertisements didnt exist. The same is true for the tailored ads of the Internet. Google does a great job matching their content with my perceived needs. If a website is going to clutter their sidebar with banner ads, I would rather be served messages that are geared toward my interests: the bookshelf Ive been considering instead of a cosmetics display, the socks I need instead of an automobile pitch, the concert I want to attend instead of a beer commercial. It would be hard for me to claim that ads dont occasionally provide some quantifiable good to my life. Im simply not sure whether the pros outweigh the cons. True, the ads are better than ever, but maybe Im more likely to spend my money irresponsibly when Im constantly presented ads that match my precise interests. And while L.A.s billboards are more informative than, say, the ambulance chasers who fill the outdoor displays in most American cities, theyre still intrusive, and Id prefer they didnt exist at allâ€"and Im not alone. The Peoples Preference While I was driving from Burlington to Boston last year, something felt off. The rolling emerald landscape was unsullied, not unlike a tranquil screensaver, and I felt an unnameable calm as the mile markers ticked away. Then I crossed the Massachusetts state line, and it became obvious: the trips serenity was produced largely by its lack of billboards, which are illegal in the state of Vermont. Currently, four statesâ€"Alaska, Hawaii, Maine, and Vermontâ€"prohibit billboards. And more than 1,500 cities and towns have banned them throughout the world, including one of the largest cities on Earthâ€"Sao Paulo. When Sao Paulo introduced its Clean City Law in 2007, more than 15,000 billboards were taken down. To boot, an additional 300,000 intrusive signsâ€"pylons, posters, bus and taxi adsâ€"had to go. The strangest result of ridding the worlds third largest city of these advertisements? In a poll done after the removal, a majority of Paulistanos actually preferred the change. What a novel idea: ask people what they like instead of letting profitability dictate the cityview. From Good to Great Profit If all ads were unobtrusive and informative, it would be hard to have anything bad to say about them. But many twenty-first century advertisers have figured out how to manipulate the system for maximum profit. In the era of mass media and Internet spamming, theyve crossed a line: we went from connecting people with products they need; to creating a false desire for objects that add little value to our lives; to selling objects that get in the way of a richer, more fulfilling life. Many of the things advertisements make us think we need are actually the source of our discontent. You see, the easiest way to sell us happiness is to first make us unhappy. Its a painful cycle for us; its big business for them. Unfortunately, we’ve accepted ads as part of our everyday life; we’ve been conditioned to think they are a regular part of content delivery. After all, advertisements are how we get all those TV shows, radio programs, online articles, and podcasts for free, right? Alternatives to Advertisements Theres no free lunch. Every hour of network television is peppered with nearly 20 minutes of interruptions, and the same is true for most other mediums, which one could argue is more costly than the free price tag because we’re giving up our two most precious resourcesâ€"our time and attentionâ€"to receive the product. If we don’t want ads storming our attention (or our childrens attention), then we must be willing to pay for the things we associate as free. Netflix, Apple Music, and similar services are able to sidestep the traditional advertising model by providing a service people value. Other businesses and individualsâ€"Wikipedia and Sam Harris come to mindâ€"follow a variation of this ad-free model, frequently called a freemium model, where creators provide content for free, and a small portion of their audience supports their work monetarily. (By the way, this model is what keeps The Minimalists Podcast advertisement-free.) When asked why he chooses not to run ads on his popular Waking Up podcast, Sam Harris responded, I dont feel I can credibly run ads on my podcast, even for products and services I love and use myself. The one ad I read for a while was for Audible, which I do use, but even in that case, I dont feel entirely comfortable telling you that you should subscribe to Audible. I mean, should you? Perhaps you shouldnt. I have no idea. And that would go down as the worst Audible ad ever. In any case, Ive discovered that I dont feel comfortable selling ads, which is fine because I hate what ads have done to digital media. The advertising model is responsible for almost everything that is wrong online. But not running ads puts me in a position of asking my audience for support. This is something I approached with real trepidation in the beginning. However, having done it, Ive discovered its actually the most straightforward relationship I can have with my audience. No matter your feelings about Netflix, Apple Music, Wikipedia, Sam Harris, or similar companies and individuals, their approach undoubtedly improves their creations by making them interruption-free, and it increases trust since their audience knows these creators aren’t beholden to the desires of advertisers, which allows them to communicate directly with their audience in a way that strengthens the relationship because the customers are in control, not the ad buyers. Moreover, as consumers, our willingness to exchange money for creations forces us to be more deliberate about what we consume. If we’re paying for it, we want to make sure we’re getting our money’s worth. It’s a mystery why we don’t do the same for so-called free programming, where we pay no money, but we rarely get our attention’s worth. Whether your time is worth $10, $100, or $1,000 per hour, you likely spend tens of thousands of dollars every year consuming messages from advertisers. Think about that: in a very real way, youre paying to be advertised to. And there are no refunds on your misspent attention. Marketing The flipside of advertising isnt the absence of communicationâ€"its marketing. In his book, The Mindset of Marketing Your Music, Derek Sivers writes, Don’t confuse the word marketing with advertising, announcing, spamming, or giving away branded crap. Really, marketing just means being considerate. Marketing means making it easy for people to notice you, relate to you, remember you, and tell their friends about you. What Sivers is describing here is the most honest form of marketing: informing people without manipulating or bothering them. At its ethical zenith, marketing considers the needs and points of view of an audience and works hard to meet those needs by connecting the creators with consumers in an authentic way. In neutral terms, marketing is an unpaid endorsement, often by the creator herself, communicated directly to an audience whos eager to learn more about the product or service. When done well, this is what Seth Godin describes as Permission Marketing: the privilege (not the right) of delivering anticipated, personal, and relevant messages to people who actually want to get them. It is possible to engage in world-class marketing without spending a penny on advertising. True, both advertising and marketing are forms of promotionâ€"both allow creators to present their goods and services to a group of peopleâ€"and when executed poorly, even well-intended marketing can be overkill. Like advertisements, not all marketing messages are created equal. Bastardized Marketing Unfortunately, not every marketer is a paragon of integrity. Just like the advertising world, marketing messages can be laced with misinformation, exaggerations, and propaganda. When creators stray from their audience’s preferencesâ€"when they stop providing value and abuse their permission with over-marketingâ€"they fail; they fall victim to vapid self-promotions, the most egregious examples of which include spam emails, website pop-ups, clickbait headlines, begging for followers, searching for Likes. As The Minimalists, we provide loads of high-quality free creationsâ€"essays, podcasts, and quotesâ€"and we occasionally use our platforms to promote a book, event, or service. And if we’re being forthright, even though we attempt to market with integrity, even we struggle to walk the line between informative and overkill. While Ryan I refuse spam, pop-ups, and salacious titles, and we strive to add value, we, too, have fallen victim to the look at me Internet cultureâ€"occasionally putting our preferences above our audience’s best interests. Whenever we catch ourselves straying, we course correct, and we work diligently to improve. Marketing as Part of the Creation Regardless of how you feel about marketing, it is the final step in the creative process. Marketing helps creators get their creations in front of people, and when approached delicately, it benefits their audience. But when creators focus more on promoting the creation than the act of creating, the product suffers and so does the audience, and trust is eroded. Until recently, the only way a creator could effectively market her product was to plaster her message across television, radio, print, and billboards. Using jargon like GRPs, TRPs, and frequency, advertisers could guarantee their product would reach a particular audience via a robust advertising plan. Even though this shotgun approach was imprecise, it was the only way to get to a mass audience. Today, the opposite is true. As a creator, you are your own marketing department; you can find an enthusiastic audience without the need to advertise. And because our tools are better than ever, your efforts can be more precise than the traditional approach of yesteryear, so you neednt cast a wide net to be effective. In fact, a thousand true fans  are enough. Spending time marketing your creation doesnt need to be tedious, either; it can be creative, artistic, and even fun. Thats why the best marketing doesnt feel like marketing: it feels like a conversation or entertainment or something the audience anticipates. Above all, it feels considerateâ€"not salesy or forced. Unavoidable Advertisements All of this poses an interesting and prickly dilemma for us as The Minimalists. Because we don’t want to add to the noise, we personally don’t allow ads on our website, podcast, or any other medium we directly control. However, we appear regularly on television and radio shows, as well as in newspapers and magazines, in which advertisements appear. And we’re honestly conflicted about this. Even companies we respect and have partnered withâ€"our tour promoter, Live Nation; our primary bookselling platform, Amazon; and the company behind our travel-bag project, Paktâ€"engage in various forms of advertising. We could, of course, choose not to appear anywhere that participates in advertising in any form, but because ads are virtually everywhereâ€"Americans see upwards of 5,000 each dayâ€"that would greatly limit the amount of people our message reaches. So we’ve instead decided to ride the line: no, we won’t incorporate ads into our platforms, and we’ll continue to speak out against the innate problems with advertising, but we won’t hide in a cave to shield ourselves from every billboard. Now maybe you don’t think advertisements are a big deal, but I believe they are one of the worst things to happen to our culture: they are the largest contributing factor toward rampant consumerism in the developed world, and they’re the biggest reason our political climate is where it is today. Advertisements are much like the islands of plastic haunting our oceansâ€"a giant problem people rarely think about. That doesnt mean ads (or plastic) shouldnt exist; I simply dont feel good about producing either unless they contribute to the greater good. Values over Money That said, Im not allergic to money. And this commentary isn’t meant to be a judgment on other people. Many of my close friends incorporate advertisements into their creations, and I don’t necessarily begrudge them for that. It likely wouldn’t do much good anyway because, as Upton Sinclair once wrote, It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his salary depends on his not understanding it. The way I understand it, though, is simple: my values trump my ability to make money. And advertisements dont align with my personal values. Do I want to earn a living? Yes, of course I do. But I want to live a life thats congruent with my values, and thus I dont want money to be the primary driver of my creations. Just because I can advertise, that doesnt mean I should. True, money will always be an important part of the equation (everybody has to pay the bills, right?), but if we put creativity and our values first, then we can determine the role of money further down the line. Conclusion Suffice it to say, this disquisition wouldnt see the light of day in any of todays ad-driven organs. Nor would it find its way into a scholarly journal, because this isnt a peer-reviewed article; its just one guys loosely connected thoughts about advertising. Its my hope that these musings start a conversation about the oft-ignored pernicious aspects of advertisements. And maybeâ€"just maybeâ€"our society can find a way to make advertisements that dont suck. Lets not hold our breath, though. If we want to produce meaningful creations, we must rely on ourselves. Or, as the historian Yuval Noah Harari once wrote, You cannot unite humanity by selling advertisements. This is true even if those ads are for dick pills. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Stereotypical Depiction And Hegemonic Masculinity - 901 Words

...Tell me is it cool to fuck?† or Jay-Z’s hit song: 99 problems, â€Å"99 Problems but a bitch ain t one. If you having girl problems. I feel bad for you son. I got 99 problems but a bitch ain t one.Hit me.† Each song displays a different type of hatred and is sexually degrading towards women in their own way. However, many of these rappers face the pressures of their hierarchy, the corporations that produce this music, and find what its viewers are listening and responding to the most. The content of the messages in these rap lyrics has become more hardcore over the past years in order to make records sell, because that’s what consumers like, that’s what they want to hear. The negative depiction and hegemonic masculinity are what is making these records sell. Consumers play a key role in the process. Misogynistic representations of women and the more general marketing of â€Å"hood narratives†, occur in part, in response to a perceived consu mer demand for stereotypical representations of the ghetto, and specifically of young Black men and women (Watkins 2001:389). Negative representation towards women isn’t only talked about in their songs, but shown in the popular music videos that played on stations aimed for kids of the younger generation, such as MTV. It is found that women in rap music videos were more likely then men to be associated with themes of misogyny. The prominence of misogyny as a theme may be related to viewers’ expression of similar attitudes towards their ownShow MoreRelatedEssay on Masculinity and Race1594 Words   |  7 PagesMasculinity and Race Historically, masculinity in the United States has been constructed as being White Protestant Anglo-Saxon, furthermore heterosexual and in charge of all matters, and this definition sets standards against which other men are measured an evaluated. Michael Kimmel provides a good definition: [†¦], Young, married, white, urban heterosexual, Protestant father of college education, fully employed, of good complexion, weight and height and a recent record in sports(271). Read MoreVocal Performances in American Stand-Up Comedy2303 Words   |  10 Pagesgendered and sexualized performances (Giltrow 276). According to Delph-Janiurek, voices are limited within the confines of certain societal hegemonic norms. He explains that the relationship between voices and bodies is not necessarily physiological; voices are vocal â€Å"performances†. There exists a pre-established gender duality within society, in which masculinity and the â€Å"male† voice is associated with the male body, and femininity and the â€Å"female† voice is associated with the female body. Thus, whatRead MoreMasculinity, Gender, And Men1375 Words   |  6 PagesMasculinity, Gender, and Men in Nursing Since the time of Florence Nightingale nursing has been popularly understood to be a highly gendered profession based on abilities of caring, helping, and nurturing – which are characteristics stereotypically identified with women and not men in the Western world (Cottingham, 2014; Rajacich, Kane, Williston, Cameron, 2013; Stanley, 2012). Nightingale’s profound influence on nursing was filtered through the rigid Victorian cultural concepts of her time thatRead MoreWhy And How Gender Stereotypes1654 Words   |  7 PagesHow Gender Stereotypes in Advertisements are Challenged Traditional gender roles were constructed based on devotion to cultural value as well as social construct based geographical placement. Males were usually associated and expected to express masculinity while females on the other hand had to express femininity (Ickes). The gender roles have been preserved for too long and it has become almost like a permanent component of a society—like a body part itself, rather than a constructed norms. ThusRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Media Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pagesprevalence of sexual references.† (Role of Television) The normative behaviors depicted in the media are highly sexualized and damaging to the development of gender roles and norms. Others believe because of the fictional nature of movies; the depiction of the sexes is neither damaging nor crucial to viewers. These representations are damaging to the development of gender identity and whether or not Hollywood should be accountable for the damages caused by thei r entertainment. Women are constantlyRead MoreGender Inequality And The Social Construction Of Gender1562 Words   |  7 Pagesauthority or receive equal pay because people assume that women are inferior workers. (Buchanan, p205-207) Another social institution that reinforces gender inequality is the media. The media is a significant factor in gender inequality and its depiction of sexism highlight the intersectionality between the discrimination women face behind the scenes and forefront of media entertainment along with the glorification of violence against women. There is a lot of sexism that women face regarding theRead MoreConflicting Paradigms On Gender And Sexuality1453 Words   |  6 Pagesrelating to rap music and the rap music videos, they are identified with a certain respect to criticizing hegemonic images that are presented in Patricia Hill Collins work and study, this is the opposite of resistance and empowerment brought up by other writers and scholars on how they feel about black woman s role in rap music. Literature Review The next part of this article investigates masculinity and its impact on rap music. Most scholars agree that pictures of men in rap music are usually consideredRead MoreRap Music And Its Influence On African American Youth1705 Words   |  7 Pageshatred of homophobia. Each theme plays a detrimental role in the process of defining black masculinity as well as shaping the values, morals, and beliefs that its younger audience adopts after tuning into this â€Å"gangster lifestyle†. Violence is something that has always been associated with masculinity, particularly in the traditional patriarchal society. The strong expectations that are tied to masculinity frequently compel men to display certain attitudes and characteristics such as aggressivenessRead MoreA Step Toward Multiculturalism? Nikita As The Forever Other2110 Words   |  9 Pagesher revenge. The series typifies another stereotypical representation of Asian women constructed through Western eyesï ¼ the woman warrior or the martial arts mistress. Some feminist scholars suggest that the popularity of action heroines is to be considered a celebration of the deconstruction of and liberation from the gender binary of masculinity and femininity (e.g., Edward, 2004; Hills, 1999) and other cultural scholars claim that the increasing depictions of Asians and other racial minoritiesRead MoreAnalysis Of Brenda Weber s Article, What Makes The Man? Television Makeovers2134 Words   |  9 PagesHowever, both Hollywood and the media lack the proper reflection of this type of society. In Brenda Weber’s article, What Makes the Man? Television Makeovers, Made-Over Masculinity, and Male Body Image,9 she examines how capital institutions seek to influence dominant, manly males by creating â€Å"the standard† of a self-made, hegemonic man. She discusses the three main qualities men strive to have: physical attractiveness, upper body strength, and physical conditioning; leading to male body satisfaction

Non Participant Observation On Science, Social Studies,...

Data Collection The method that will be used to collect data will be non-participant observation. The non-participant observation is the most appropriate because I will be able to observe, without interrupting the class, how the participants conduct their mathematics, science, and social studies lessons. I will also observe whether or not they incorporate literacy into their lessons, and if so how it impacts them. Non-participant observation will show how these participants handle the emphasis on literacy in the curriculum, especially with the Common Core standards (Creswell, 2005). The non-participant observation will be implemented through these steps for specific reasons: †¢ There is a need for non-participant observation because it will result in producing data that reflects authentic events of the lessons and how it pertains to the research study of the effect that literacy has on science, social studies, and mathematics. †¢ There will be four observations conducted for each participant, a total of twenty observations. There is a need for four observations for each participant in order to receive an accurate data collection between the three participants to determine accurate and valid findings of this study. The observations will take place over a two month period, each participant will be observed twice a month. †¢ The observation will be conducted in each of the participants’’ classrooms. I will be observing their lessons from the back of the classroom while takingShow MoreRelatedHow The Strategies Implemented Within The Classroom1607 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this study is to examine how the strategies implemented within the classroom are set in place to increase young adult literature engagement towards African-American males in middle through high school classrooms living in an inner city sector of North Texas. Inspecting the progression through the spectacles of critical race theory (CRT), this study examines how to review cultural response to adjust teaching to responding to the cultural needs and learning styles of African AmericanRead MoreLiterature Study1088 Words   |  5 PagesTo investigate how influential PD providers shape social capital, we drew on data from a larger study of mathematics and science professional development in a major metropolitan region in the Western United States. The study intended to capture the range of professional development opportunities available to teachers within the region. The region in the study consisted of four counties, the metropolitan area itself and its three contiguous counties. We considered professional development providersRead MoreQualitative And Quantitative Research Methods936 Words   |  4 Pagesutilized amongst the major areas of psychology and the social sciences. This paper will provide a brief description of qualitative and q uantitative methods, provide the differences between the two approaches along with the terminology used for both; I will also refer to my article of choice from week one and specify which research method is used in that particular study; and finally, I will determine whether that same research study is non-experimental or experimental. First off, how is qualitativeRead MoreThe Effects Of Sex On Mental Rotation Performance Accuracy And Speed Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesMental Rotation Performance Accuracy and Speed Imbedded in human history, gender stereotypes have been strong regulators of social roles. Although gender stereotyping has not been as overt in recent years, its impact in regards to spatial knowledge is still a critical matter. Recognized as one of the factors of intelligence, spatial knowledge is crucial in the fields of mathematics, engineering, and physics (Gardner, 1983; Neuburger, Jansen, Heil, Quaiser-Pohl, 2012; Titze, Jansen, Heil, 2011; WragaRead MoreTaking a Look at Some Teaching Models and Theories1413 Words   |  6 Pagesprocess which is being conducted by High Scope requires all candidates to go to many steps and they are: Completion of the Preschool Curriculum Course (PCC); Demonstrate high-quality program implementation; Demonstrate knowledge and use of the Child Observation Record (COR); Present Daily Plans; Provide a Professional Development Narrative and finally they must provide a current government license or certificate. Having a High Scope Certification pr oves that the students have received one of the best methodsRead MoreDirect Observation Vs Indirect Observation1834 Words   |  8 PagesDirect Observation vs Indirect Observation: Direct observation can be divided into two two ways: observing with intention or observing without intention. Indirect observation uses the examination of past behavior using archival records or physical traces. An indirect observation uses methods that are unobstrusive, or non invasive because the researcher does not meddle in the situation and due to the fact that many of the individuals are unaware of the observations. 2A. Participant observation vs structuredRead MoreMathematics Performance of Secondary School Student2667 Words   |  11 PagesEurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science Technology Education, 2007, 3(4), 363-370 Correlates of Academic Procrastination and Mathematics Achievement of University Undergraduate Students Mojeed Kolawole Akinsola University of Botswana, Gaborone, BOTSWANA Adedeji Tella Osun State College of Education; Ila-Orangun, NIGERIA Adeyinka Tella University of Botswana, Gaborone, BOTSWANA Received 3 November 2006; accepted 19 April 2007 Procrastination is now a common phenomenon among students particularlyRead MoreHistory of Phonetic Development1961 Words   |  8 PagesLECTURE 1 1. History of phonetic development 2. Subject of Phonetics 3. Branches of Phonetics 4. Connection of Phonetics with other sciences 5. Methods and devices of phonetic investigation 1. History of phonetic development The â€Å"birthplace† of phonetics is considered to be Ancient India. The idea of studying sounds was brought about by the need to understand Veda (1500 BC), i.e. sacred songs (brahmans) sang during religious ceremonies. The principal question for theRead MoreTeacher Motivation6898 Words   |  28 Pagesstudent achievement. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to identify how mathematics teachers perceived the effects of teacher motivation on student achievement on the states Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT), job satisfaction influence on teacher motivation, and FCAT accountability influence on teacher motivation. The motivational theories of Herzberg, Vroom, and McClelland served as the conceptual framework.Ten mathematics teachers were interviewed. All relevant statements were codedRead MoreA Research Proposal For Non Asian Minority Groups2133 Words   |  9 Pages54% of the nation’s population, an increase from the current 28%. Yet today they only mak e up only 9% of the nation’s STEM workforce (NSF, 2009). Non-Asian minority groups have been traditionally underrepresented in the STEM workforce. African-American students are more likely to be tracked into less rigorous courses, particularly in math and science (Oakes, 2005), taught by less experienced and sometimes less qualified teachers (Darling Hammond, 2004), and forced to attend schools that are de

Travel to Europe Free Essays

â€Å"Part of us believes the new car Is better because it lasts longer. But, In fact, that’s the worst thing about the new car _ It will stay around to disappoint you, whereas a trip to Europe is†¦ Over. It evaporates. We will write a custom essay sample on Travel to Europe or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has the good sense to go away, and you are left with nothing but a wonderful memory’ – Daniel Gilbert â€Å"Europe and my metamorphosis. † I was excited and nervous. I’d have to think really hard and long to go back to the previous time I felt this way. I put a finger on my wrist Just to feel my blood thump against my thumb at an accelerated rate. I smiled to myself. It was finally happening. I was going to Europe. It all started when I thought about applying to the Exchange Program my college was offering of four-months,’l semester. The College they were sending the students was in Rennet. SEC Rennet School of Business. Finally, something that appealed to me. Living in Delhi had somehow numbed my senses to such an extent that I had become devoid of any sort of feeling. I needed to escape from this place or a while and this seemed Like the perfect opportunity. Carper Idle. I seized it. Voila, I was in Europe. I found time to backpack over all of Europe and when I couldn’t find it I made it. I loved staying In the hostels and Interacting with new people on a dally basis. Some of them even became good friends. It was absolutely necessary for me to visit a few cities that old heard so much about that I was k if my grades took a toll. I knew I wouldn’t get this chance later and I wanted to make the most of it. I thought I’d write a little bit about the cities I visited whilst there. Paris: ‘Wow was the first word that escaped my mouth when I looked around and found myself In Paris. The City of Lights never ceases to amaze and is one of the most beautiful cities I came across in France. Market District, the cobbled streets, the musicians, the poets, all in one place. The romance was In the air. I saw the Notre Dam Cathedral and visited the Place des Vogues Old Square. The Peer Liaises cemetery was hauntingly beautiful and what to tell you about the Eiffel Tower. It was just well exquisite. I was reminded of Ernst Hemmingway and what he had said about Paris and how right he was. â€Å"If you are lucky enough to have lived in Paris as a young man, then wherever you go for the est. of your life It stays with you, for Pans Is a movable feast†. Amsterdam: Man o Man what to say about Amsterdam. I loved it. It has absolutely everything. The Dutch are Insane. What spirit they have. Prepare to be infected with It while you are there because no one can escape it. It was a god damn party every bucking night I was there. I had no sleep at all and my time-space orientation got distorted for a few days I guess with all the kind bud I could get my hands on. The coffee shops were well just misnomers. The Architecture was amazing; I was Just taken In by It. The canals were great too. I love Amsterdam approach on legalizing prostitution. You have to see It for yourself. The place was so lively. Berlin: A city cemented in history. Definitely worth watching and visiting. Starting should see in ones lifetime. I can’t thank my friend Goblin enough for being such a gracious host and showing me around Berlin. Yes I know you want me to bust that myth for you that Germans drink beer like its water. Well that isn’t a myth, one visit to a local pub and my hopes were dashed. It is not a myth. Germans do love their beer a lot, and it loves them back! Warlock was beautiful. Small, quiet and peaceful. Just hat I had wanted that weekend. Some place where I could relax and unwind. I stayed at The Grammar Hostel and man you guys are the best. It is an old town really and there is not much to see except the Market Square. It was lively with so many people there and they were so different from the rest of the Europeans I had met. They were unique I must say. They could find beauty in the simple things in life. Prague. Pariah. The name actually means â€Å"threshold†. It was magical. The city was a portal between the life of the good and the other. A city caked in grime: ancient, Soot- blackened. History lived in every detail. I wandered the streets in disbelief, photographing everything like mad. I wish I had spent more time there. The wind carried the memory of magic; revolutions, violins and the cobbled lanes meandered like creaks. I fell in love there. I don’t know whether it was a good idea or not. I Just wanted to get lost there. Span. Ever since I had learnt Spanish in school I had wanted to go there. I was not too good at it though I remember. By the time I got the chance to visit Spain I had forgotten all my Spanish. The people were wonderful and Madrid is Just Madrid, so exciting, full of life and zest. You’ve got to see it to believe it. I visited Barcelona as well and it was amazing. The Gaudier(Antonio Gaud) architecture was Just stunning. You must visit Case Battle (The famous Skull and Bones balcony). It is the most interesting and unusual of houses in Barcelona. This is my take on the various cities I visited when I was in Europe. I made a lot of friends, had loads of crazy nights but most of all I made memories that will be with me for a lifetime. I hope you enjoyed reading and I hope this inspires you a little not much but a little to get away from your comfort zone and Travel, Dream and Explore. How to cite Travel to Europe, Papers

Please, Help Me Write My Essay! - Lilys Story

Lily, a bright college student with tons of potential, was sitting in her dorm room panicking about her Research Paper. She only had a few days left before it was due and several other assignments that her brain was in chaos. â€Å"Somebody, please, help me write my essay!† were the words coming out of her mouth at such a volume that the neighbors got concerned. After praying to no avail, she called her friend LeQuisha and asked: â€Å"Hey, I know your semester is done, so I need to ask you for a favor. Can you do my custom essay for me?† LeQuisha paused for a second, then proceeded to state: â€Å"Girl you crazy!†. After calming down her friend, she mentioned a site by the name of Essay Service. She claimed that she had been using their services since the beginning of the semester and that they were 100% reliable. Though skeptical at first, Lily agreed and visited their well-formatted site. The first thing she did was ask the virtual assistant: â€Å"Alex, what should I write my college essay about?† Just like any proper assistant, he asked her about the course she was taking and presented her with 5 unique topics that seemed to grab Lily’s attention. She then thanked Alex and decided to start working on her piece†¦ for about 10 minutes. It was at this point; Lily remembered her Art project was due in 5 hours, and procrastination let her down yet again. Stuck between a rock and a hard place, she realized there was only one thing left to do. Getting back on the computer after a quick stress-relieving smoke break, she once again got in contact with Alex. With a scent of hopelessness in her typing, she asked him: â€Å"Alex, I need someone to write my essay for me.† After hearing his response, a wave of relief and satisfaction came over her as if she was sprinkled with therapeutic powder. He explained to her that they could take care of her research paper requirements, regardless of the time limits. Realizing the greatness of the situation, Lily knew she had to inquire about the price, as it would probably make her purse cry. Little did she know, the next words she would hear would make her happier than a kid in a candy store. After hearing the price, her jaw dropped, and she asked: â€Å"Are you serious, it’s only that much!?†. With a smile on his face knowing he had a satisfied customer, Alex responded with: â€Å"Sounds too good to be true huh?† After doing a lap in her apartment while screaming from joy, she got back on the computer and ordered the research essay from Essay Service. They guaranteed its completion within a few days, as well as assuring top tier quality. After the order process had been finished, she started researching their site by looking at reviews and the quality of the site. The pleasure in her face lit up like a fire when she saw all the positive reviews from the writers on the site. â€Å"I needed someone to write my college essay, and after getting in contact with Alex and hiring SmartWriter99, I felt like a weight was lifted off my shoulders. A few days later I received an A on my essay, taking me to a state of bliss. The help I got from this company was fantastic. They promise to uphold reliability, punctuality and quality. Let me just say that they stay true to their ethics and I will order from this site again!† â€Å"I was looking for someone to write my essay online, and then I was offered to check out Essay Service. Though I was skeptical at first, talking to their virtual assistant, Alex calmed my nerves because I could tell that he knew what he was doing! After ordering my essay on Renaissance History, there were still some doubtful thoughts floating around. Sure enough, I got my essay two days later and after proofreading it, I knew that Excellent Guy (my writer) had some experience on this topic. After handing it In, I received a 96% on my essay and could not have been happier! Thank you !† This was all she needed to see, and her nerves started to smoothen out. However, she was still curious about their writers, so she did a little more research. After seeing a 90+% satisfaction rate, things already felt promising. To tie the knot on her concerns, she called LeQuisha and asked her about the essay she ordered. After founding out that her essay was based on Nuclear Reactions, Lily’s brain filled up with endorphins: her essay was on the History of Chemistry. After getting all the help and support from LeQuisha, Alex and the reviews, Lily fell asleep like a baby and had one of the most pleasant dreams of her life. After a few days had gone by, Lily was coming back from her Psychology Lecture to take a nap before Economics. On her walk home, the phone made a â€Å"DING† sound, so as to alert her that she received a notification. After pulling out her phone, a smile formed on her face as she saw the title: History of Chemistry Essay. Coming home from the walk, she opened the email and downloaded the file. After reading the essay, she knew that her money was spent in an ideal way possible. Not only did the essay solidify that she would get an A in chemistry, but some of the content inside helped her learn even more material! Full of joy and confidence, Lily sent the document to her professor and went on with her day. Approximately 12 hours later, the professor emails her back with: â€Å"Wow, this is more from you than I expected. Great Job!† Since that day, Lily only orders essays from , and recommends the site to anybody that yells in public: â€Å"Help Me Write My Essay!†.

Conflicting Perspectives Ted Hughes Essay Example

Conflicting Perspectives Ted Hughes Essay Example Conflicting Perspectives Ted Hughes Essay Conflicting Perspectives Ted Hughes Essay Essay Topic: The Shawshank Redemption Textual form has the ability to differentiate whether or not a text accomplishes an idea the composer is attempting to create. The way in which a composer represents different perspectives throughout texts can have the power to influence and induce their audience to analyse and understand their purpose in a subjective way. Ted Hughe’s famous poems within his anthology ‘Birthday Letters’, Sylvia Plath’s moving poetry relating to Hugh’s, and the contradictory film by Stephen King, ‘The Shawshank Redemption’ are three examples of texts that have conflicting textual form. Hughe’s articulate and diversely structured poetry regarding Plath and their association encourages the audience to understand the situations within their relationship from his perspective. Hughe’s poem, ‘Sam’ is his version of Plath’s ‘Whiteness I Remember’ reflecting on the memory of a horse riding incident. A variety of techniques are used throughout the poem creating conflicting textual form, including the use of rhetorical questions, ‘Did you have a helmet? How did you cling on? ’Immediately this personalizes the poem as if he is talking to Plath herself. The tone and emotive language during the poem also intensifies Hughe’s sentiment towards Sylvia. Imagery is used frequently throughout the text, and in conjunction with alliteration, ‘that horribly hard swift river’ reinforces the intensity of the situation and involves the audience by allowing them to visually imagine the scene, dramatising the situation from Hughe’s position. Controversially Plath’s poetry leads her audience to perceive the events and information through her assortment of techniques and conflicting emotions. A conflict to Hughe’s perspective represented in ‘Sam’ is Plath’s poem, ‘Whiteness I Remember’ conveying her account of the particular situation. Plath’s outlook is very emotional and uses techniques to assist her in portraying the event from her perspective. Metaphor is used in the expression ‘green grass steaming, houses a river of pale fronts’ to suggest a sense of risk or danger assisting Plath to effectively appeal to the emotions and grasps the audience’s attention to imagine the situation. Different forms of texts have the ability to manipulate audiences including the contradictory film, ‘The Shawshank Redemption’. This film is based on a murder and uncertainty through misleading events which the composer has created to generate conflicting textual form. Through an array of techniques the film has the ability to have power over the audience’s judgement in a subjective approach. Film techniques contribute to the success the film has depicting conflictive perspectives. The transitional flashback of scenes at the beginning of the film demonstrate the two outlooks of the situation, one presenting the court who believes that Andy Dufresne is guilty of the crime, and the other screening Andy’s version of the situation where he stubbornly proclaims his innocence. Mis-en-scene used during the film conveys a series of conflicting themes, including freedom and imprisonment and respect and insolence. King has created the characters within the film to assist him produce the biased initiative within the text and conflict the audience’s beliefs. It is not until the end of the film when the key distorted techniques that King incorporates take place, concluding the film, plot and the expedition of the characters that have been shaped to his Kings controlling intentions he is able to create conflicting perspectives. In conclusion it is apparent that a composer’s textual form of any text, whether it may be a film, poem, novel or article is capable of manipulating their audience accordingly. In studying and analysing both Hughe’s and Plath’s poetry this is even more obvious as the two contradict each other. Although ‘The Shawshank Redemption’ doesn’t relate to the other selected texts directly, all three texts are comparable as they share conflicting perspectives. During the study of these texts the audience can conclude individual perceptions based on the depiction of events, characters and qualities and situations that have been conflicted by the composers, and individually determine the intensions behind the truths.

Draft Essay Rough

Draft Essay Rough Draft Essay Rough Draft Essay Rough: Useful Pieces of Advice Do not fall into despair when you switch to a computer in order to start up your draft essay rough and you see nothing except blank computer screen. Each writer starts his or her writing from this very stage and with the same kind of despair. Of course, you may get thousands of some other desires such as to go for a walk with your dog or to clean your refrigerator, for example, just in order to postpone the process of writing, however, the only way to get rid of these desires and to make yourself working is to start your draft essay rough write immediately. Of course, it is very difficult to start your work from the very beginning when there is nothing written concerning the topic of your assignment yet. However, until you start up the campaign of draft essay rough writing, you will never succeed in coping with your assignment: Do Not Hesitate To Start Writing Take a long breath and start writing. Remember that you do not have to write a perfect draft essay rough from the first time. If your deadline does not face you, you can take your time and rewrite your draft essay rough for several times until you like it. There is no any rush when the deadline is far away from you, that is why it is recommended not to drag things out and to start dealing with your draft essay rough at that very moment when you have received such a task. After you have written draft essay rough and you liked it, do not think that this is the end of your work. If you really want to succeed in your draft essay rough writing, proofread it and correct all the existing mistakes. You see if your draft essay rough is written in a perfect way, however, it includes some of grammar mistakes you will never receive a high grade for your task completing. Rough Draft Is Not The Final Version! Do not waste a lot of time to choose the words for draft essay writing. As a rule, when a person starts worrying for his or her lexis or grammar from the very beginning of writing, it becomes very difficult for him or her to complete this work, as he or she makes different corrections and insertions all the time and does not have an opportunity to proceed with work. Write down all the thoughts you have, you will have an opportunity to edit them later. We hope our pieces of advice will help you in your own draft essay rough writing. Read more: Psychology Papers Problem and Solution Essay Merchant of Venice Critical Essay Jane Eyre Essay How to Make a Reaction Paper

United States v. Salerno and Brady v. U.S. 397 U.S. 742 Case Study

United States v. Salerno and Brady v. U.S. 397 U.S. 742 - Case Study Example Salerno, 1987). His denying of liberty together with another man in this case, was in pursuant to Bail Reform Act (1984) after a meticulous determination of being the La Cosa Nostra (LCN) â€Å"boss† that had then infringed RICO’s Act (United States v. Salerno, 1987). Conversely, Court of appeals overturned the verdict citing to be undemocratic and did not give chance to due process. Rationale issued in this case asserted it was appropriate for imposition of such a restraining. For besides ensuring the arrestee was not threat to the society or other involved parties, he or she will not escape before culmination of the trial (United States v. Salerno, 1987). This is according to the criminal law that holds an individual liable to his or her deeds. In addition, in this situation the case held that Bail Reform Act (1984) ensured adequate balance of the Federal’s rule that prefers safeguarding interests of the public by restraining the defendant (United States v. Salerno, 1987). Its significance encompasses supporting pre-trial restraining of the defendant(s) that may end up using loopholes in the law and regain their liberty. This is especially when they are a threat to the public and other parties critical in determination of the pending case whereby in the process might tamper with it. After infringing 18 U.S.C. Sect. 1201(a) that disallows abduction, petitioner in this case represented by an extremely competent counsel decided to change from claiming not blameworthy to being accountable (Brady v. United States, 1970). His reason was he had no alternative under impermissible coercion from the counsel to receive a fairer verdict other than death one. This is after learning his co-defendant in the case had already pleaded guilty whereby he will in turn witness again him (Brady v. United States, 1970). This is because not all guilty pleas whose determination ought to end in

MRSA Infection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MRSA Infection - Research Paper Example Antibiotics used to treat ordinary S. aureus infections are rendered useless in case of MRSA. Infection occurring in healthcare settings is called health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) while that occurring in the community, among healthy individuals, is called community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) (mayoclinic.org 1). HA-MRSA infections are generally acquired through invasive procedures or clinical devices such as artificial joints, surgeries, intravenous tubings, and catheters while CA-MRSA generally spreads through skin contact among child care workers, high school wrestlers and people living in crowded areas (mayoclinic.org 1). MRSA infection occurs in various parts of the body and owing to its antibiotic resistance, it is difficult to treat. Mild infections result in boils and sores on the skin. MRSA can also infect lungs, urinary tract, and bloodstream (webmd.com 1). There has been an alarming spread in the incidence of tough MRSA strains and because of its antibiotic resistance, MRSA is also called superbug (webmd.com 1). As per CDC, less than 2% of the US population carries MRSA (mayoclinic.org 3). MRSA was discovered in 1961 and research has shown that, like ordinary strains of S. aureus, it is also carried by many healthy people on their bodies, especially their noses (Matheson et al. 299). MRSA infection is common among those with a weaker immune system and while it is commonly a hospital-acquired the infection, its incidence in people who have not been hospitalized has become recently significant (webmd.com 1).

Effect of Temperature on Enzyme-catalyzed Reaction

Effect of Temperature on Enzyme-catalyzed Reaction Yasmine Dabash Introduction Topic: The denaturing of enzymes. Purpose: To further investigate catalysts and enzymes as well as their reactions to temperature change. Problem: How does temperature affect the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction? Research Source 1: http://www.worthington-biochem.com/introbiochem/tempeffects.html Information found: Like the majority of chemical reactions, the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction raises as the temperature elevates. According to the source, â€Å"A ten degree Centigrade rise in temperature will increase the activity of most enzymes by 50 to 100%.†Many enzymes are unfavorably affected by intense heat. Because most animal enzymes quickly become denatured over 40 °C, nearly all enzyme activity is accomplished under that temperature. After some time, enzymes neutralize at even reasonable temperatures. The recommended temperature to store enzymes is 5 °C or lower but even some enzymes deactivate when frozen. Source 2: http://classroom.synonym.com/effects-temperature-enzyme-activity-biology-6049.html Information found: Collisions between molecules increase as temperature increases. This is because of the increase in velocity and kinetic energy that is a result of increased temperature. With rapider velocities, there will be less time between molecule collisions. This results in supplementary molecules reaching activation energy, which elevates the rate of the reactions. Since the molecules are also moving quicker, collisions between enzymes and substrates also increase. Identify Variables Independent Variable: Liver temperature Dependent Variable: The rate at which the liver rises to the surface of the hydrogen peroxide. Controlled Variables: Environment temperature, liver origin (same individual of the same species), concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution, water composition, filter paper size, filter paper weight and density, beaker material, forceps material, Petri dish material, filter paper material, and pipette material. Hypothesis: If enzymes are heated to 70 °C then the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions will decrease because the denaturing of enzymes occurs after 40 °C. The Plan Procedure: Step 1: Put on an apron, gloves, and safety goggles. Also, make sure hair is tied up away from your face and out of the way of any experimental material. Step 2: Use forceps to place raw liver in an open Petri dish. Use a pipette to put a few drops of hydrogen peroxide solution on the liver. Observe any chemical or physical changes. (Caution: Rinse off any hydrogen peroxide that comes in contact with skin, eyes, or clothing) Step 3: Cut of a 5 cm x 5 cm piece of filter paper and absorb it with a sample of liver. Step 4: Fill 50 a 50 mL beaker with 25 mL of 1% hydrogen peroxide solution using a graduated cylinder to measure. Step 5: Use forceps to drop the livered filter paper to the bottom of the solution. Record using a timer how long the filter paper takes to rise to the surface. Seek assistance if needed. Step 6: Now, heat 25 mL of water and a sample of liver in a 50 mL beaker to 70 °C with on a hot plate. (Caution: Hot plates are called hot plates for a reason; their hot. They can burn you. Seek adult assistance if young or incapable.) Step 7: Turn the hot plate OFF and remove the beaker from the hot plate using beaker tongs. Then remove the liver from the water using forceps and set the sample into a Petri dish. Step 8: Repeat the previous experiment with the heated liver. Records results then analyze the data. Step 9: Compare and contrast the data sets from each part of the experiment. Data Liver temperature The time it took for the liver to reach the surface of a 1% hydrogen peroxide. (seconds) Room Temperature Liver 5.73 seconds 70 °C Liver 7.22 seconds Results and Understandings Graphing: Data analysis: When analyzing the results of the experiment, it is easy to see that there are trends in the data. The relationship between enzyme activity and temperature is inversely proportional. The higher the temperature of the enzymes, the faster they react and the less time the livered filter paper takes to rise to the surface of a 1% hydrogen peroxide solution. However, after 40 °C, the denaturing of enzymes; therefore slowing down enzyme-catalyzed reactions. This is because as the denaturing of enzymes occurs they no longer fit their specific ‘lock’ to which they are ‘key’ to. Though there was not any lack in accuracy, there was an extreme lack of precision during this experiment. Firstly, the assistant scientific hands were not at all interested in the experiment; making it exceedingly difficult to attempt to get them on task, complete the experiment, and get steps that require the cooperation of more than one individual done. It is also importance to recognize the limitation of time allotted for previously mentioned tasks to be applied; one class period. Also, it would have made all the difference in the world if the time it took for the filter paper to rise in increments of 5 mL could have been measured since it rose through 25 mL of 1% hydrogen peroxide solution. In doing this, it would be seen whether the filter paper accelerated positively or decelerated as it rose through the solution. But due to time constraints, lack of expertise, and lack of an extremely precise timing device, such an idea could not be executed. But even before trying to accompli sh that out of the ballpark idea, it would have been better to allow more trials for each temperature of liver and perhaps entertain the addition of higher or lower temperatures of liver. Perhaps refrigerated liver? Even better, liver at or around 40 °C. Knowing how enzymes react to heat is vital for a number of biologists globally. Especially since biologists are required to properly handle and store enzymes. Enzymes are best stored below 5 °C in order for them to not o dormant. Also, it is important for real life biologists to understand that enzymes will work faster in heat only up to a certain point. For example, in many animals, enzymes denature after they hit 40 °C. Almost all enzyme activity happens below that temperature. Conclusion Claim: In correlation to the hypothesis, the outcome of the experiment proved the following hypothesis: â€Å"If enzymes are heated to 70 °C then the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions will decrease because the denaturing of enzymes occurs after 40 °C.† The hypothesis gathered from the evidence pertaining to the collision theory ended up being true not only on paper but in real life experimentation and scenarios as well. Since the chemical reaction slowed when the livered filter paper was heated to 70 °C, then it is easy to say with utmost certainty that the relationship between temperature and reaction time is indirectly proportional up until 40 °C. In regards to the purpose of the lab experiment, many investigations have been made that further our knowledge on how to properly handle enzymes temperature wise. Which temperature are too hot, which are not hot enough, etc. Also, from the information gathered, other intelligent assumptions can be made on the proper storage of enzymes. Since it is known that enzymes, over time, become dormant—wouldn’t it be ideal to freeze them so they retain their activity? But perhaps, that is for yet another experiment. Evidence and Elaboration Evidence 1: The collision theory states that as temperature rises, particles move more rigorously as collide more often. When these molecules bump into one another, reactions occur—in this example, the enzyme-catalyzed reaction is the result. The amount of collisions it takes for a full reaction to occur is the activation energy of a chemical reaction. This theory is the first piece of evidence for the increase in enzyme-catalyst activity then temperature increases. Evidence 2: The Induced Fit theory of enzymes accounts for the fact that the activity and substrate of an enzyme are complementary and mold to one another’s ice-cube tray, or as biologymad.com likes to say, â€Å"Mould to each other like ‘hand in glove.’† The links in substrates and enzymes bend when enzyme-substrate compounds form, deteriorating them significantly. Unlike the ‘Lock and Key’ theory of enzymes, the Induced Fit theory accounts for catalytic action and the products of chemical reactions pertaining to enzymes. Works Cited Enzymes. Biology Mad. Master Frameset, 07 Nov. 2005. Web. 07 Dec. 2014. Introduction to Enzymes: Temperature Effects. Worthington Biochemistry. Worthington Biochemical Corporation, n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2014. Santhosh, Lakshmi. The Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Activity. Synonym. Demand Media, 14 Aug. 2013. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.

On philosophy

Virginia Held, in her article Feminist Transformations of Moral Theory, claims that the historical groundings of the precepts of philosophy, including the sets of ethical theories and positions, and philosophy in general have been erected from the viewpoints of men and that the ideas involved are not entirely â€Å"gender-neutral† as they appear to claim themselves (Held). One can observe that throughout the stretch of the time that encompassed the early stages of philosophy up to the time of the industrial revolution and the onset of the age of globalization, men have dominated the field of philosophy. Women in the past societies in particular were given very minimal role in social activities and endeavors inasmuch as most of these women were simply confined to their homes and their tasks were greatly deprived of social participation (Claassen and Joyce). This observation leads us to the assumption that, because of these deterring factors on the very presence of women in the society, women have also played very little part in the development of philosophy in general and the number of philosophical discussions all-over the world. The rise of feminism alongside and the shift in the patriarchal patterns that loomed over societies, however, have appeared to dissolve one by one the barriers that isolate women from having a part in the philosophical plane. One can further analyze that Virginia appears to argue that what the philosophy we know of today is the product of the past philosophizing done in large part by men. Richard Brandt, for this matter, has principally endorsed in some of his works the idea of overcoming bias and prejudice in the very precepts of morality (Stevenson). This observation appears to relieve Brandt of the accusations hurled by Virginia towards the evolution of philosophy throughout the decades that humanity has dwelled on its rough, intricate, and oftentimes bewildering edges. Brandt argues that passion should not be allowed to intervene whenever we are to delve into matters that concern morality for it blurs the capacity of our reason and thinking on equally significant moral issues (Brandt). If this is the case, indeed Brandt may have already swung himself off the reaches of Virginia’s accusations with regards to traditional philosophy for the reason that traditional philosophy has been seen to be relished with all sorts of manly traces. The suggestion being offered by Brandt is one that relieves philosophy of any bias towards a specific gender in any working context, one that seeks to salvage the philosophy we know today from the dregs of traditional philosophy. However, there remains the contention that even if Brandt is arguing for an objective quest, at least in terms of the moral precepts and moral traditions that humanity has strongly held through time, the very fact that Brandt sees his world from a man’s point of view can be a point of contention. This taunts one to pose questions of uncertainty and credibility with regards to his claim of a rationalizing empty of passion and bias. If Virginia Held is aptly precise and right with her argument, it appears, then, that Brandt’s perception on philosophy and that of morality is not thoroughly empty of bias for the reason that the latter sees the world from the understanding and vision of man whereas women might have a differing view with regards to what they know of about the world they both live in. This leads us to the assumption that, granted Virginia’s arguments are strongly founded, Brandt’s ideas and the rest of his arguments cannot entirely be empty of bias given the fact that he is a man and that a woman thinks rather differently to those of males. And there has indeed been numerous interpretations that separates from traditional philosophy, especially from a feminist approach where women are treated as individuals who also share roles in the society in general. Capital punishment and killings in war Capital punishment is typically utilized in order to put unlawful people before the justice system of societies and put an end to their unlawful means—and to their lives—thereby removing further instances of committing heinous crimes by the same criminal. War killings, on the other hand, are primarily taken to be understood as killings in the battlefield, especially in times of war wherein combatants or armies from the opposing sides are granted by their authorities to obtain their mission through every possible means—such as gunning down the enemy—in order to not only deter the enemy from advancing further but also to finally put an end to the enemy’s existence. From a Kantian perspective, both capital punishment and killings in war are immoral acts in the sense that both of these essentially take away the lives of men which is, on the other hand, strictly against the moral imperatives. Basically, Kant suggests that taking away the life of another individual cannot be justified because it is not the right thing to do at whatever given situation. Utilitarianism, on the other hand, provides us with another view that implies that both capital punishment and war killings can be morally justified given that both of these promote the general good or the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. That is, taking away the life of another individual can be justified in the ethical issues given that the basis for the action is justifiable. And this moral theory asserts that actions can indeed be justified, specifically in the context of the measurement of happiness and its consequent effects on the welfare and happiness of the greatest number of individuals. However, the strand of rule utilitarianism splits from this claim because it argues that rules should not be bent just for the attainment of general happiness which, in this case, is taken to mean that moral precepts and legal rules concerning life should never be flexed in order to fit the situation. Quite on the contrary, the very situations of capital punishment and killings in war should be critically analyzed based on these precepts and rules in order to arrive at the greatest happiness for the greatest number. William Godwin William Godwin is not inclined towards prejudice and thought it as the source of much that is wrong in the world as he also stressed the significant role of impartiality. The value of human life should be taken as a central part of the analysis of Godwin’s claim primarily because in order for the individual to be able to arrive at a sound judgment the individual should nevertheless take a look into the course of the years that have molded the life that he or she possesses (Monro). Prejudice, on the contrary, creates the notion of selectivity wherein the individual may be inclined to prefer this from that or, in another context, this person from another person for a number of reasons pegged on the selective attitude of the person. Without a concern for the value of human life, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to arrive at an impartial attitude towards others primarily because without having a universal sense of benevolence towards mankind in general impartiality can hardly be attained. Hence, in order for one to be able to embrace the idea that prejudice is the source of much that is wrong in the world, one ought to be impartial both in deeds and in thoughts. With a firm consideration on the value of human life among all of humanity, one cannot easily stray away from the holds of an impartial treatment towards other people and that one cannot straightforwardly resort to prejudice. Without having a sense of attachment towards the primacy and value of human life, it would be quite difficult as well, if not more, to act truthfully as a benevolent individual empty of prejudice in thought and deed or to at least pretend to be like an impartial individual. Kant and Singer’s animal rights Kant says that duty is the inevitability or necessity of functioning out of a strict observation for laws that are universal. Consequently, the worth or value of the action done by the individual in terms of moral contexts is essentially drawn from the intention of the action. Moreover, Kant’s treatment of a maxim can be briefly summarized as a given principle upon which one acts such that its nature is based on the manner in the expression of the intention. Thus, the content of the actions in terms of intent have an important role in Kantian ethics. This content can be further expressed in two manners. The first states that there are maxims or imperatives which stipulate that there are acts based on the desires of the individual. This is what Kant calls the hypothetical imperative. On the other hand, those which are based on reason and not merely dependent on one’s desires belong to the categorical imperative. The latter type deals with what ought to be done. All these can be roughly transposed and summarized into Kant’s conception of the practical imperative which claims that one ought to act to treat human beings as ends in themselves and never merely as a means to any given end, whether the individual is the self or another person. Peter Singer argues that ethical precepts should be extended so that it will encompass animals as well. If this is the case, and if we are to place this in the context of Kant’s proposition, then we are to arrive at the idea that, after ethical precepts have been made to be understood to encompass animals, no one is to treat any animal as means in order to arrive at certain ends but rather as the very ends themselves. Kant would disagree with Singer in the sense that the former’s theory is anchored on the rationality of human beings whereas animals are empty of rational capacity. Singer, on the other hand, would disagree with Kant in this notion primarily because animals also have rights and that these rights should be also recognized within the ethical sphere. References Arthur, John. Morality and Moral Controversies: Readings in Moral, Social and Political Philosophy. 7th ed: Prentice Hall, 2004. Brandt, Richard B. â€Å"A Motivational Theory of Excuses in the Criminal Law.†Ã‚   Morality, Utilitarianism, and Rights. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 252. Claassen, Cheryl, and Rosemary A. Joyce. â€Å"Women in Prehistory.† American Antiquity 63.1 (1998): 175. Held, Virginia. â€Å"Feminist Transformations of Moral Theory.† Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 50.Supplement (1990): 321. Monro, D. H. â€Å"Godwin's Moral Philosophy: An Interpretation of William Godwin.† Ethics 64.2 (1954): 134. Stevenson, Charles L. â€Å"Brandt's Questions About Emotive Ethics.† The Philosophical Review 59.4 (1950): 529.   

Supermajority Vote in US Congress

A supermajority  vote is a vote that must exceed the number of votes comprising a simple majority. For example, a simple majority in the 100-member Senate is 51 votes; while a 2/3 supermajority vote  requires 67 votes. In the 435-member House of Representatives, a simple majority is 218 votes; while a 2/3 supermajority requires 290 votes. Key Takeaways: Supermajority Vote The term â€Å"supermajority vote† refers to any vote by a legislative body that must get more votes than a simple majority of votes in order to win approval.In the 100-member United States Senate, a supermajority vote requires a 2/3 majority or 67 of 100 votes.In the 435-member United States House of Representatives, a supermajority vote requires a 2/3 majority or 290 of 435 votes.In the US Congress, several major legislative actions require a supermajority vote, most notably impeaching the president, declaring a president incapable of serving under the 25th Amendment, and amending the Constitution. Supermajority votes in government are far from a new idea. The first recorded use of supermajority rule took place  in ancient Rome during the 100s BCE. In 1179, Pope Alexander III used a supermajority rule for papal elections at the Third Lateran Council.   While a supermajority vote can technically be specified as any fraction or percentage greater than one-half ( 50%), commonly used supermajorities include three-fifths (60%), two-thirds (67%), and three-quarters (75%) When is a Supermajority Vote Required? By far most measures considered by the U.S. Congress as part of the legislative process require only a simple majority vote for passage. However, some actions, like impeaching presidents or amending the Constitution, are considered so important that they require a supermajority vote. Measures or actions requiring a supermajority vote: Impeaching: In cases of impeachment of federal officials, the House of Representatives must pass articles of impeachment by a simple majority vote. The Senate then holds a trial to consider the articles of impeachment passed by the House. Actually convicting an individual requires a 2/3 supermajority vote of the members present in the Senate. (Article 1, Section 3)Expelling a Member of Congress: Expelling a member of Congress requires a 2/3 supermajority vote in either the House or Senate. (Article 1, Section 5)Overriding a Veto: Overriding a presidential veto of a bill requires a 2/3 supermajority vote in both the House and Senate. (Article 1, Section 7)Suspending the Rules: Temporarily suspending the rules of debate and voting in the House and Senate requires a 2/3 supermajority vote of the members present. (House and Senate rules)Ending a Filibuster: In the Senate only, passing a motion to invoke cloture, ending extended debate or a filibuster on a measure requires a 3/5 supermajo rity vote - 60 votes. (Rules of the Senate) Rules of debate in the House of Representatives preclude the possibility of a filibuster. Note: On November 21, 2013, the Senate voted to require a simple majority vote of 51 Senators to pass cloture motions ending filibusters on presidential nominations for Cabinet secretary posts and lower federal court judgeships only. Amending the Constitution: Congressional approval of a Joint Resolution proposing an amendment to the U.S. Constitution requires a 2/3 majority of those members present and voting in both House and Senate. (Article 5)Calling a Constitutional Convention: As a second method of amending the Constitution, the legislatures of 2/3 of the states (33 states) can vote to request that the U.S. Congress convenes a constitutional convention. (Article 5)Ratifying an Amendment: Ratification of an amendment to the Constitution requires the approval of 3/4 (38) of the state legislatures. (Article 5)Ratifying a Treaty: Ratifying treaties requires a 2/3 supermajority vote of the Senate. (Article 2, Section 2)Postponing a Treaty: The Senate may pass a motion to indefinitely postpone its consideration of a treaty by a 2/3 supermajority vote. (Senate rules)Repatriating Rebels: An outgrowth of the Civil War, the 14th Amendment gives Congress the power to allow former rebels to hold office in the U.S. gove rnment. Doing so requires a 2/3 supermajority of both the House and Senate. (14th Amendment, Section 3)Removing a President from Office: Under the 25th Amendment, Congress can vote to remove the President of the United States from office if the vice president and the Presidents Cabinet declare the president unable to serve and the president contests the removal. The removal of the president from office under the 25th Amendment requires a 2/3 supermajority vote of both the House and Senate. (25th Amendment, Section 4) Note: The 25th Amendment is an effort to clarify the process of presidential succession. On-the-Fly Supermajority Votes The parliamentary rules of both the Senate and House of Representatives provide means by which a supermajority vote can be required for the passage of certain measures. These special rules requiring supermajority votes are most often applied to legislation dealing with the federal budget or taxation. The House and Senate draw authority for requiring supermajority votes from Article 1, Section 5 of the Constitution, which states, Each chamber may determine the Rules of Its Proceedings. Supermajority Votes and the Founding Fathers In general, the Founding Fathers favored requiring a simple majority vote in legislative decision-making. Most of them, for example, objected to the Articles of Confederations requirement for a supermajority vote in deciding such questions as coining money, appropriating funds, and determining the size of the army and navy. However, the framers of the Constitution also recognized the need for supermajority votes in some cases. In Federalist No. 58, James Madison noted that supermajority votes could serve as a shield to some particular interests, and another obstacle generally to hasty and partial measures. Hamilton, too, in Federalist No. 73 highlighted the benefits of requiring a supermajority of each chamber to override a presidential veto. It establishes a salutary check upon the legislative body, he wrote, calculated to guard the community against the effects of faction, precipitancy, or of any impulse unfriendly to the public good, which may happen to influence a majority of that body.